A search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. Information may consist of web pages, images and other types of files. In 1993, Matthew Gray at MIT developed the first Web search engine Wandex. There were over 1000 search engines providing varying search results to online users. Popular among them are Ask.com (formerly Ask Jeeves), Baidu (Chinese), Cuil, Exalead (French), Gigablast, Google, Live Search (formerly MSN Search), gou (Chinese), Sohu (Chinese), Wikia Search, Yahoo! Search. Top ten search engine based on the Nielsen//NetRatings, 2007 are
Provider Share of Total Searches
Google 55.2 Percent
Yahoo 21.9 Percent
MSN/Windows Live 9 Percent
AOL 5.4 Percent
Ask.com 1.8 Percent
My Web Search 1 Percent
Comcast 0.5 Percent
EarthLink 0.4 Percent
Dogpile.com 0.4 Percent
My Way 0.4 Percent
Other 3.9 Percent
All search 100 Percent
Source: Nielsen//NetRatings, 2007
Most of the search engine derived their revenues through advertisements and paid listings, a good many served as secondary service offerings. The industry saw many other players who also offered compatible services on competitive pricings. The smaller players targeted niche segments offering differentiated service or distinctive search technology. Since 1993 industry has seen various launches (see list) few of them survived and few had a premature death.
The best search engines launches:
Year Event Search Engine
1993 Launch Aliweb
1994 Launch WebCrawler
1994 Launch Infoseek
1994 Launch Lycos
1995 Launch (part of DEC) AltaVista
1995 Launch Excite
1996 Founded HotBot
1996 Founded Ask Jeeves
1998 Launch Google
1999 Founded Teoma
2000 Founded Baidu
2003 Launch Info.com
2004 Final launch Yahoo! Search
2004 Launch A9.com
2006 Founded Quaero
2006 Launch Live Search
2006 Beta Launch ChaCha
2006 Beta Launch Guruji.com
2007 Launched Wikiseek
2008 Launched Cuil
Consumer Generated Media
Consumer Generated Media describes a variety of new and emerging sources of online information that are created, initiated, circulated and used by consumers intent on educating each other on products, services, brands, personalities and issues.
-- Neilson Buzz matrices.
Pete Blackshaw, CMO for Nielsen Buzzmetrics, coined the term "consumer generated media" (CGM) to describe the evolving consumer-created space on the internet. CGM refers to posts made by consumers within online venues such as internet forums, blogs, wikis, and discussion lists, on products that they have purchased, questions they have or problems they are trying to solve. CGM is constantly evolving in terms of form and content. A few prominent websites used for CGM include: Brickfish, Dailymotion, Digg, eBay, Facebook, Flickr, MySpace, Picasa, Revver, Second Life, TripAdvisor, TypePad, Wikipedia, WordPress, YouTube, bigadda
The most common consumer hangouts in the CGM spaces are: Discussion boards, Blogs, Wikis, Social networking sites, News Sites, Trip planners, Mobile Photos sharing sites, Videos sharing sites, Customer review sites, Experience or photo sharing sites. The CGM supporting sites can be divided into five different categories for better understanding. They are,
Blogs: A Blog is the collection of web log where publisher shares his stories, fantasies or experiences. The wordpress, blogger, bigadda are the famus platforms which offer blogging experience.
Message Boards or Discussion Forums: Interest-focused message forums and discussion boards like citehr, are the most prominent content sharing tool. This concept was evolved from the Tech World where techies discuss their problems and experts offer advice to the fellow techies. Now this concept has become common across verticals.
Review Sites: This is a popular place where an excited customer spread positive word and an irate customer vents his frustration. Mouthshut is one of the famous review site.
Groups: These are highly focused and specialized groups or communities where the members exchange ideas in the virtual world. These clubs are an offshoot of the Mail groups where one can connect with their friends through group mails like Yahoo, Google offers platform to create groups.
Communities: Communities like Orkut, facebook, you tube, Flicker, linkedin offer networking and socializing opportunities to the Internet savvy individuals. Started as a socializing tool, these communities grew as an influential media for marketers.
The idea of CGM has evolved from its early roots of consumer feedback via online letters and email to encompass new media such as video, pictures and social networking sites. The phenomenon, CGM is a nightmare as well as an opportunity for marketers. It is a nightmare since the marketer has no control over the media or the message, an opportunity because if used wisely, it can turn out to be a new medium and an invaluable source of customer information.
-- Neilson Buzz matrices.
Pete Blackshaw, CMO for Nielsen Buzzmetrics, coined the term "consumer generated media" (CGM) to describe the evolving consumer-created space on the internet. CGM refers to posts made by consumers within online venues such as internet forums, blogs, wikis, and discussion lists, on products that they have purchased, questions they have or problems they are trying to solve. CGM is constantly evolving in terms of form and content. A few prominent websites used for CGM include: Brickfish, Dailymotion, Digg, eBay, Facebook, Flickr, MySpace, Picasa, Revver, Second Life, TripAdvisor, TypePad, Wikipedia, WordPress, YouTube, bigadda
The most common consumer hangouts in the CGM spaces are: Discussion boards, Blogs, Wikis, Social networking sites, News Sites, Trip planners, Mobile Photos sharing sites, Videos sharing sites, Customer review sites, Experience or photo sharing sites. The CGM supporting sites can be divided into five different categories for better understanding. They are,
Blogs: A Blog is the collection of web log where publisher shares his stories, fantasies or experiences. The wordpress, blogger, bigadda are the famus platforms which offer blogging experience.
Message Boards or Discussion Forums: Interest-focused message forums and discussion boards like citehr, are the most prominent content sharing tool. This concept was evolved from the Tech World where techies discuss their problems and experts offer advice to the fellow techies. Now this concept has become common across verticals.
Review Sites: This is a popular place where an excited customer spread positive word and an irate customer vents his frustration. Mouthshut is one of the famous review site.
Groups: These are highly focused and specialized groups or communities where the members exchange ideas in the virtual world. These clubs are an offshoot of the Mail groups where one can connect with their friends through group mails like Yahoo, Google offers platform to create groups.
Communities: Communities like Orkut, facebook, you tube, Flicker, linkedin offer networking and socializing opportunities to the Internet savvy individuals. Started as a socializing tool, these communities grew as an influential media for marketers.
The idea of CGM has evolved from its early roots of consumer feedback via online letters and email to encompass new media such as video, pictures and social networking sites. The phenomenon, CGM is a nightmare as well as an opportunity for marketers. It is a nightmare since the marketer has no control over the media or the message, an opportunity because if used wisely, it can turn out to be a new medium and an invaluable source of customer information.
Mobile Advertising
The business of encouraging people to buy products and services using the mobile channel as the medium to deliver the advertisement message
--- Internet Message Access Protocol
Mobile advertising is an innovative and a customer-centric approach to reach promising customers. It includes advertising in the form of Short Message Service (SMS), mobile alerts, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), mobile games and videos. Mobile advertising can be divided into two main categories: Mobile Push Advertising and Mobile Pull Advertising. Mobile Push Advertising, can be in form of solicited or unsolicited advertising News alerts, job alerts and cricket score alerts are a few examples in this category. Mobile Pull Advertising, on the other hand, is defined as advertising when users request for the services from the service-provider for instance daily horoscope.
Mobile advertising is the latest buzz in the field of advertising, since it is a cost-effective way to promote and inform the target customers. With the advent of new media, mobile advertising has become one of the most demanding and integral part of marketing mix.
Benefits of Mobile Advertising
Mobile advertising is cost-effective and offers flexibility to inform target group as and when required. In the case of mobile advertising the advertising message can be personalized with respect to Target Audience. The mobile advertising is interactive in nature and advertiser gets feedback immediately. Though mobile advertising offers flexibility to contact target group as and when required. It also gives option of permission-based advertising, which is also governed by telecom rules and regulations. The mobile advertising is still not brand creator but it is more helpful in brand recall and brand interactivity. The benefits of mobile advertising include: flexibility of content, speed of reach.
Limitations of Mobile Advertising
Mobile advertising has limited message content. It is mostly driven by key words and target audiences in most of the cases take mobile advertisements casually. Moreover it still has very limited reach as compared to other conventional tools of advertising. The visual display is not as impressive as TV advertising. Though the advertiser has more control on the mobile advertising but still cant calculate ROI of advertising more accurately. Most importantly, mobile advertising is often criticized for intrusion of target audience privacy.
Guidelines for Mobile Advertising
The Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) has published guidelines for mobile advertising. These guidelines are designed specifically for the Asia-Pacific region to encourage the use of mobiles for advertising-related purposes as well as its acceptance by marketers and consumers.
As of now it is not in practice. There are companies, and advertisers violating the defined guidelines but we are moving in the direction where the advertising world will take it seriously.
Conclusion
Mobile Advertising is at infant stage of the life cycle. The share of advertising spend on mobile advertising is minimal but when advertising spend is seen from the lenses of life cycle it is a good start.
--- Internet Message Access Protocol
Mobile advertising is an innovative and a customer-centric approach to reach promising customers. It includes advertising in the form of Short Message Service (SMS), mobile alerts, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), mobile games and videos. Mobile advertising can be divided into two main categories: Mobile Push Advertising and Mobile Pull Advertising. Mobile Push Advertising, can be in form of solicited or unsolicited advertising News alerts, job alerts and cricket score alerts are a few examples in this category. Mobile Pull Advertising, on the other hand, is defined as advertising when users request for the services from the service-provider for instance daily horoscope.
Mobile advertising is the latest buzz in the field of advertising, since it is a cost-effective way to promote and inform the target customers. With the advent of new media, mobile advertising has become one of the most demanding and integral part of marketing mix.
Benefits of Mobile Advertising
Mobile advertising is cost-effective and offers flexibility to inform target group as and when required. In the case of mobile advertising the advertising message can be personalized with respect to Target Audience. The mobile advertising is interactive in nature and advertiser gets feedback immediately. Though mobile advertising offers flexibility to contact target group as and when required. It also gives option of permission-based advertising, which is also governed by telecom rules and regulations. The mobile advertising is still not brand creator but it is more helpful in brand recall and brand interactivity. The benefits of mobile advertising include: flexibility of content, speed of reach.
Limitations of Mobile Advertising
Mobile advertising has limited message content. It is mostly driven by key words and target audiences in most of the cases take mobile advertisements casually. Moreover it still has very limited reach as compared to other conventional tools of advertising. The visual display is not as impressive as TV advertising. Though the advertiser has more control on the mobile advertising but still cant calculate ROI of advertising more accurately. Most importantly, mobile advertising is often criticized for intrusion of target audience privacy.
Guidelines for Mobile Advertising
The Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) has published guidelines for mobile advertising. These guidelines are designed specifically for the Asia-Pacific region to encourage the use of mobiles for advertising-related purposes as well as its acceptance by marketers and consumers.
As of now it is not in practice. There are companies, and advertisers violating the defined guidelines but we are moving in the direction where the advertising world will take it seriously.
Conclusion
Mobile Advertising is at infant stage of the life cycle. The share of advertising spend on mobile advertising is minimal but when advertising spend is seen from the lenses of life cycle it is a good start.
No to Women Boss - ASSOCHAM
Its official now, we prefer male boss over a female boss. ASSOCHAM (The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India) recently concluded survey - “Preference of Bosses in Emerging Corporate Culture” which declares that more than 68% men and women prefer male bosses at their work.The survey result which was based on the 2,500 executives feedback suggest that about 68 percent showed preference for male bosses saying male bosses give more operational freedom at work and are faster in decision-making, while the remaining 32 percent did not have any preference. More interestingly, of the 68 percent executives who voted for male bosses, two-thirds were female. The respondents argued that women approach work with more emotion than men. Also, motherhood and family responsibilities keep them from accomplishing assigned work leading to discontentment among the juniors.The study also shows that women in the workplace do not just prefer male bosses over female bosses; they also feel more comfortable with male co-workers. Men choices were more evenly split, with 17 percent choosing male co-workers and 16 percent choosing female co-workers.The survey, which comprised 67 per cent women and 33 per cent men, also found out :Women have to work twice as hard to prove themselves.Women picked a male boss rather than a female boss,More men would rather work for men than women; 50 percent of men chose a male boss and 12 percent picked a female bossMost women, 77 percent, agree that it is still difficult for women to get ahead in the workplace; only 43 percent of men feels that way.A majority of women, 56 percent, feel that at one time or another they have been disadvantaged in the workplace because of their gender, while 25 percent of men feel the same way.The better the bosses, the longer the stability factor is yet another key findings of the survey. On working with strict bosses, majority of the executives said they would opt for an early exist as today there are immense opportunities available
Reference: http://www.assocham.org, Male Bosses in Preference, Tuesday, May 13, 2008
Reference: http://www.assocham.org, Male Bosses in Preference, Tuesday, May 13, 2008
Mobile Phone – The Fourth Screen
Birth of Fourth Screen
2007, Barcelona, Spain hosted the 3GSM World Congress. It marked the entry of the Indian film industry into the GSM communication arena. At this event, Indian film industry showcased its first film specially created for mobile phone users across the world. No wonder the 3GSM World Congress also witnessed the birth of Fourth Screen (the Silver Screen, TV, PC, and now Mobile screen) in India. This move is expected to have a huge impact not only on the Indian mobile phone market but also on the media industry. The emergence of the Fourth Screen can be seen as the first step towards Indian film industry‘s foray into the mobile entertainment market. It also marked the emergence of the mobile phone from merely a communication device to becoming a major source of entertainment.
First Movie on Fourth Screen
The movie showcased at the 3GSM World Congress was Dus Kahaniyaan. It is one of innovative story telling initiative which was tailored for mobile devices. Dus Kahaniyaan was produced by one of the leading Bollywood producers Sanjay Gupta. Sanjay Gupta’s entry in the mobile entertainment market was supported by GSMA, Roamware Inc., and Hungama Mobile. MVAS company, Roamware helped producers of Dus Kahaniyaan. in integrating the film content into the mobile phone through its ‘Media Call’ technology. Hungama helped in publishing the mobile phone content. The mobile VAS providers – Roamware, and Hungama Mobile saw tremendous potential in Bollywood movies. They believed that formatting the content for the mobile audience would increase the reach of the movie. The features like simplicity of delivery ease of use, and accessibility provides the fourth screen edge over others.
The fourth screen has also hit serials. This is the age of Internet and mobile serials, Rajshri Media, India’s leading Web and Mobile Studio, has launched Akbar Birbal remixed. The Akbar Birbal remixed is 3 minute a piece 90 episode series. The Akbar Birbal remixed, set in the by-lanes of Bhendi Bazar in Mumbai. (Read report on http://chaturvedibraj.wordpress.com/2008/07/04/akbar-birbal-remixed-a-new-beginning/)
MVAS to play critical role in development of Fourth ScreenThe MVAS market in India is fragmented and each player have unique value offering. These MVAS providers can join hands and develop a pool which jointly offers complete entertainment package. In the case of Dus Kahaniyaan two different MVAS players – Hungama Mobile had experience in content publishing and Roamware had global reach, collaborated to develop the offerings.
Handset Manufacturers role in development of Fourth ScreenWhile mobile entertainment companies have been developing interesting content for the mobile phone users, mobile handset companies have tried to come out with the latest technologies that support such offerings. In late 2007, Nokia entered into an agreement with leading Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan for making movie clips, ring tones, wallpapers for his film, Om Shanti Om.
Conclusion
Mobile entertainment is poised to drive not only mobile entertainment industry in a big way but also attracting advertisers who are also viewing it as an attractive new media channel.
2007, Barcelona, Spain hosted the 3GSM World Congress. It marked the entry of the Indian film industry into the GSM communication arena. At this event, Indian film industry showcased its first film specially created for mobile phone users across the world. No wonder the 3GSM World Congress also witnessed the birth of Fourth Screen (the Silver Screen, TV, PC, and now Mobile screen) in India. This move is expected to have a huge impact not only on the Indian mobile phone market but also on the media industry. The emergence of the Fourth Screen can be seen as the first step towards Indian film industry‘s foray into the mobile entertainment market. It also marked the emergence of the mobile phone from merely a communication device to becoming a major source of entertainment.
First Movie on Fourth Screen
The movie showcased at the 3GSM World Congress was Dus Kahaniyaan. It is one of innovative story telling initiative which was tailored for mobile devices. Dus Kahaniyaan was produced by one of the leading Bollywood producers Sanjay Gupta. Sanjay Gupta’s entry in the mobile entertainment market was supported by GSMA, Roamware Inc., and Hungama Mobile. MVAS company, Roamware helped producers of Dus Kahaniyaan. in integrating the film content into the mobile phone through its ‘Media Call’ technology. Hungama helped in publishing the mobile phone content. The mobile VAS providers – Roamware, and Hungama Mobile saw tremendous potential in Bollywood movies. They believed that formatting the content for the mobile audience would increase the reach of the movie. The features like simplicity of delivery ease of use, and accessibility provides the fourth screen edge over others.
The fourth screen has also hit serials. This is the age of Internet and mobile serials, Rajshri Media, India’s leading Web and Mobile Studio, has launched Akbar Birbal remixed. The Akbar Birbal remixed is 3 minute a piece 90 episode series. The Akbar Birbal remixed, set in the by-lanes of Bhendi Bazar in Mumbai. (Read report on http://chaturvedibraj.wordpress.com/2008/07/04/akbar-birbal-remixed-a-new-beginning/)
MVAS to play critical role in development of Fourth ScreenThe MVAS market in India is fragmented and each player have unique value offering. These MVAS providers can join hands and develop a pool which jointly offers complete entertainment package. In the case of Dus Kahaniyaan two different MVAS players – Hungama Mobile had experience in content publishing and Roamware had global reach, collaborated to develop the offerings.
Handset Manufacturers role in development of Fourth ScreenWhile mobile entertainment companies have been developing interesting content for the mobile phone users, mobile handset companies have tried to come out with the latest technologies that support such offerings. In late 2007, Nokia entered into an agreement with leading Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan for making movie clips, ring tones, wallpapers for his film, Om Shanti Om.
Conclusion
Mobile entertainment is poised to drive not only mobile entertainment industry in a big way but also attracting advertisers who are also viewing it as an attractive new media channel.
Changing face of Indian advertising mascots
Air India’s Maharaja which came into existence in the year 1946 and the Amul girl in 1967 are the mascots which captured the hearts of one and all in India. These mascots caught the attention of the consumers as they were charming and connected well with the consumers. Indian corporate have also seen few other mascots like Fido the cool swanky doodle of 7 Up, doughboy the sweet little butler of Godrej Pillsbury, Gattu who build brand Asian Paint, Chintamani who endorsed ICICI, Sunny who is creating magic with Sunfeast. The success of these mascots can be qualified by, the increase in the brand value of these brands consumer connect.
Decline of mascot power
The Indian market grew at a fast pace in nineties everything from pencils to cars, salt to luxury goods required an advertising campaign this was the time when we saw emergence of celebrity advertising and mascots lost their appeal. We also lived in a time when there was no argument regarding the fact that a celebrity can make or break a brand. The pampering and recognition given to the celebrity in the marketing of the product in some cases was even greater than the product itself. The advertising world, during this time strongly believed that the celebrities transfer their success, personality, status and power to the brand. They attributed reasons for the growth of celebrity endorsements to:
• Create great brand awareness for product
• Sustaining the brand image
• Stimulating and reviving brands
• Product association
However, the advertising world also realized that many brand ambassadors does not practice what they preach and sometimes controversies and unpleasant incidents connected with the celebrity causes damage. It is also observed that over exposure and multiple endorsements too can damage the image of product. The Indian market which is saturated with celebrity endorsements has seen emergence of the mascots.
Emergence of the mascots
The courage and optimism that common man of R. K. Laxman portrays and a middle-class Indian, that Chintamani portrays is certainly unmatched but the new age mascots are more attractive, and trendy. The advertisers have become more creative with the use of animation. The new age mascots have a lasting appeal and create a whole new persona for the product. They manage the product as efficiently as a celebrity. Moreover, in the current marketing scenario when the celebrity charisma diminishing away the world of advertising is turning back to mascots.
Celebrities get associated with too many products and therefore it is difficult to relate them with one particular brand, which is not the case with the mascots. For an example Shahrukh Khan endorse brands such as Pepsi, Airtel, Santro, Emami , and many more but Fido is just associated with 7Up. The strength of mascots lies in its uniqueness, and its power of effectively communicating the ethos of the brand like, Chintamani solves all our worries related to tax savings and good returns paving a new way for no chinta, Share Khan tell us how to smartly invest in stocks and reap rich dividends, Gattu with the brush in his hand and the smile on his face passes the message that a bright coat of paint will brighten up the house. Moreover the mascots are not as expensive as celebrities. The cost of creating these characters is as low as development of a normal commercial. Lowe Advertising creative director Delna Sethna claims that the first Chintamani ad cost around Rs 7 lakh. Moreover, the animated characters also give more scope for creative-flexibility.
Mascots are dynamic and they adapt with changing times. We should acknowledge how the Amul girl in polka dots has changed overtime, and Fido has makeovers with the changing time. The advertising world has also observed that the popularity of any mascot is not only based on the response they get, but also depend on the fact that these faces have a higher recall value.
Conclusion
The Amul girl was born in 1967 is still a popular mascot. She may soon enter into the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest campaign to survive in the market. This goes on to prove that the mascots are more appropriate brand ambassadors. The impact and success of the mascot, depends on how effectively it conveys the brand values and the ideals that consumers would associate with.
Decline of mascot power
The Indian market grew at a fast pace in nineties everything from pencils to cars, salt to luxury goods required an advertising campaign this was the time when we saw emergence of celebrity advertising and mascots lost their appeal. We also lived in a time when there was no argument regarding the fact that a celebrity can make or break a brand. The pampering and recognition given to the celebrity in the marketing of the product in some cases was even greater than the product itself. The advertising world, during this time strongly believed that the celebrities transfer their success, personality, status and power to the brand. They attributed reasons for the growth of celebrity endorsements to:
• Create great brand awareness for product
• Sustaining the brand image
• Stimulating and reviving brands
• Product association
However, the advertising world also realized that many brand ambassadors does not practice what they preach and sometimes controversies and unpleasant incidents connected with the celebrity causes damage. It is also observed that over exposure and multiple endorsements too can damage the image of product. The Indian market which is saturated with celebrity endorsements has seen emergence of the mascots.
Emergence of the mascots
The courage and optimism that common man of R. K. Laxman portrays and a middle-class Indian, that Chintamani portrays is certainly unmatched but the new age mascots are more attractive, and trendy. The advertisers have become more creative with the use of animation. The new age mascots have a lasting appeal and create a whole new persona for the product. They manage the product as efficiently as a celebrity. Moreover, in the current marketing scenario when the celebrity charisma diminishing away the world of advertising is turning back to mascots.
Celebrities get associated with too many products and therefore it is difficult to relate them with one particular brand, which is not the case with the mascots. For an example Shahrukh Khan endorse brands such as Pepsi, Airtel, Santro, Emami , and many more but Fido is just associated with 7Up. The strength of mascots lies in its uniqueness, and its power of effectively communicating the ethos of the brand like, Chintamani solves all our worries related to tax savings and good returns paving a new way for no chinta, Share Khan tell us how to smartly invest in stocks and reap rich dividends, Gattu with the brush in his hand and the smile on his face passes the message that a bright coat of paint will brighten up the house. Moreover the mascots are not as expensive as celebrities. The cost of creating these characters is as low as development of a normal commercial. Lowe Advertising creative director Delna Sethna claims that the first Chintamani ad cost around Rs 7 lakh. Moreover, the animated characters also give more scope for creative-flexibility.
Mascots are dynamic and they adapt with changing times. We should acknowledge how the Amul girl in polka dots has changed overtime, and Fido has makeovers with the changing time. The advertising world has also observed that the popularity of any mascot is not only based on the response they get, but also depend on the fact that these faces have a higher recall value.
Conclusion
The Amul girl was born in 1967 is still a popular mascot. She may soon enter into the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest campaign to survive in the market. This goes on to prove that the mascots are more appropriate brand ambassadors. The impact and success of the mascot, depends on how effectively it conveys the brand values and the ideals that consumers would associate with.
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